Introduction: Challenges for the Future: Arctic and Alpine Ecosystems in a Changing World. - Section 1. Context for Global Change. - 1. Recent Climate Patterns in the Arctic. - 2. Quaternary Environmental Changes and Ecosystems of the European Arctic. - 3. The Impact of Hydrologic Perturbations on Arctic Ecosystems Induced by Climate Change. - 4. Global and Regional Patterns of Climate Change: Recent Predictions for the Arctic. - Section 2. Effects of Anticipated Global Change on Organisms and Populations. - 5. Photosynthesis and Respiration in Mosses and Lichens. - 6. Impacts of Climate Change on Demographic Processes and Population Dynamics in Arctic Plants. - 7. Phenology and Reproductive Success in Arctic Plants: Susceptibility to Climate Change. - 8. A Kinetic Approach to Microbial Ecology in Arctic and Boreal Ecosystems in Relation to Global Change. - 9. Responses of Caribou and Reindeer to Global Warming. - 10. Impacts of Global Change on Arctic-Breeding Bird Populations and Migration. - Section 3. Effects of Anticipated Global Change on Ecosystem Structure and Ecological Complexity. - 11. Impacts of Global Change on Composition of Arctic Communities: Implications for Ecosystem Functioning. - 12. Effect of Climate Change on Biodiversity of Arctic Plants. - 13. Climate Change and Future Position of Arctic Tree Line. - 14. The Role of Northern Ecosystems in the Global Methane Budget. - 15. The Responses of Vegetation to Past and Future Climate Changes. - 16. Modeling the Possible Impact of Climate Change on Broad-Scale Vegetation Structure: Examples from Northern Europe. - 17. Past Present and Future Potential Sources Contributing to Artificial Radionuclides in the Arctic Region. - Section 4. Effects of Anticipated Global Change on Ecosystem Function and Feedbacks to the Atmosphere. -18. Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Nutrient Cycling Decomposition and Productivity in Arctic Ecosystems. - 19. Buffering of Arctic Plant Responses in a Changing Climate. - 20. Climate Change in Northern Latitudes: Alterations in Ecosystem Structure and Function and Effects on Carbon Sequestration. - 21. Phenomenological Models of the Primary Productivity of Zonal Arctic Ecosystems. - 22. Analysis of CO2 Temperature and Moisture Effects on Carbon Storage in Alaskan Arctic Tundra Using a General Ecosystem Model. - 23. Century Trends in the Volume Balance of Boreal Forests: Implications for Global CO2 Balance. - Section 5. Relationships Between Ecosystem Change and Land Use. - 24. Aboriginal Participation in Global Change Research in Northwest Territories of Canada. Language: English